v08-erc20-paymaster-usdc-transfer · EntryPoint Intelligence

Bundler 0xcc5c…2c41 submitted one v0.8 UserOperation: account 0xfabc…0b65 asked to 2 calls (erc20_approve x1, erc20_transfer x1); the op succeeded; gas sponsored by 0x8888…2402 Pimlico singleton paymaster (EntryPoint v0.8) evidence level: primary source.

Transaction: 0x9e9f348b617410956dfa19c5dfa04ffed56298744a4b9398e44f02d183f90cba explained →
Block: 96,876,734
Outer status: success grade: observed
UserOperations: 1 in 1 handleOps call
Selector: 0x765e827f

How to read the evidence markers

Evidence levels (how strong an address label is)

evidence level: primary source The vendor or protocol itself publishes this exact address
evidence level: self-description What the contract says about itself via a getter; contracts can claim any name
evidence level: cluster Shares a key, getter or bytecode with labelled addresses: same machinery, not proof of the same operator
evidence level: hint Ranking, explorer tag, metadata or third-party label: a clue, never proof
evidence level: unlabelled No registry label. In running text, an address without a marker has no label.

Evidence grades (how a value was obtained), strongest first

grade: observed grade: decoded grade: recomputed grade: recovered grade: contract read grade: inferred grade: unknown

Weaker grades are set in italics. Hover or focus a marker for its definition; full definitions.

Who was involved

Bundler: 0xcc5c…2c41 evidence level: unlabelled
sent and paid for the outer transaction · grade: observed
Called contract: 0x4337…f108 EntryPoint v0.8 evidence level: primary source
grade: observed
EntryPoint: 0x4337…f108 EntryPoint v0.8 evidence level: primary source
v0.8 handleOps · grade: decoded
Beneficiary: 0xcc5c…2c41 evidence level: unlabelled
the beneficiary argument of handleOps · same address as the bundler · grade: decoded

Operations: what was asked, what happened

Operation 1

v0.8 succeeded index 0

Account 0xfabc…0b65 asked to 2 calls (erc20_approve x1, erc20_transfer x1); the op succeeded; gas sponsored by 0x8888…2402 Pimlico singleton paymaster (EntryPoint v0.8) evidence level: primary source.

Who was involved

Smart account: 0xfabc…0b65 evidence level: unlabelled
the sender field of UserOperationEvent · grade: observed
Account code: 0xbb4f…cbcd evidence level: unlabelled
contract code and storage read at block 96876734 · EIP-1167 minimal proxy · grade: contract read
Paymaster: 0x8888…2402 Pimlico singleton paymaster (EntryPoint v0.8) evidence level: primary source
the operation's paymasterAndData field · grade: decoded

What was asked

Entry function on the account: executeBatch((address,uint256,bytes)[]) grade: decoded

Call 1 allow 0x8888…2402 Pimlico singleton paymaster (EntryPoint v0.8) evidence level: primary source to spend 72587 base units of token 0xb97e…8a6e USDC (native, Circle) evidence level: primary source (= 0.072587 USDC; token symbol and decimals read from the contract at block 96876734) (that address is this op's paymaster)
target 0xb97e…8a6e USDC (native, Circle) evidence level: primary source · function approve(address,uint256) grade: decoded · via the account's executeBatch (batch) function
Call 2 transfer 200000 base units of token 0xb97e…8a6e USDC (native, Circle) evidence level: primary source to 0x23d3…c890 (= 0.2 USDC; token symbol and decimals read from the contract at block 96876734)
target 0xb97e…8a6e USDC (native, Circle) evidence level: primary source · function transfer(address,uint256) grade: decoded · via the account's executeBatch (batch) function

What happened

The outer transaction reported success grade: observed; this UserOperation succeeded grade: observed.

Call 1 ran (its logs show it) grade: observedan Approval from the account to this spender appears in this op's segment (allowance may since be spent)
Call 2 confirmed by an exactly matching log grade: observeda Transfer with exactly this token, sender, recipient and amount appears in this op's execution segment

Token movements logged during this operation:

ERC-20 transfer of 0.200000 USDC 0xb97e…8a6e USDC (native, Circle) evidence level: primary source from 0xfabc…0b65 to 0x23d3…c890 out of the account, during execution grade: observed
ERC-20 transfer of 0.012633 USDC 0xb97e…8a6e USDC (native, Circle) evidence level: primary source from 0xfabc…0b65 to 0xd8ba…f21c out of the account, during execution grade: observed

Money for this operation

The EntryPoint charged this operation 0.001043 AVAX (actualGasCost) grade: observed, taken from paymaster deposit 0x888888888888ec68a58ab8094cc1ad20ba3d2402 Pimlico singleton paymaster (EntryPoint v0.8) evidence level: primary source grade: inferred and paid to the beneficiary grade: inferred.

Sponsorship: ERC-20 paymaster: the user pays the paymaster in a token grade: observed

Token charged in postOp: 12633 base units of 0xb97e…8a6e USDC (native, Circle) evidence level: primary source, sent to 0xd8ba…f21c evidence level: unlabelled grade: observed. the token payment goes where the paymaster's config says; it need not be the paymaster address

Money

Outer receipt fee (bundler → chain)

0.002314 AVAX

gas used × effective gas price, paid once

Σ actualGasCost (deposits → beneficiary)

0.001043 AVAX

1 operation charge

The outer fee (what the bundler paid the network) and the per-op charges (what the EntryPoint collected from deposits and paid to the beneficiary) are different quantities. They are listed, never added together; their difference is not 'bundler profit'.

The logs

Receipt logs (6), in order, with the lifecycle phase each belongs to
#	Emitter	Event	Phase
0	`0x4337…f108` EntryPoint v0.8 evidence level: primary source	`BeforeExecution`	boundary
1	`0xb97e…8a6e` USDC (native, Circle) evidence level: primary source	`Approval`	execution
2	`0xb97e…8a6e` USDC (native, Circle) evidence level: primary source	`Transfer`	execution
3	`0xb97e…8a6e` USDC (native, Circle) evidence level: primary source	`Transfer`	execution
4	`0x8888…2402` Pimlico singleton paymaster (EntryPoint v0.8) evidence level: primary source	`UserOperationSponsored`	execution
5	`0x4337…f108` EntryPoint v0.8 evidence level: primary source	`UserOperationEvent`	execution

What we can't tell

The signer is a passkey (a P-256 public key held by a device or password manager); there is no address to look up, and the key does not tell you who holds the device.
A paymaster paid the gas charge, but that does not mean the user paid nothing: the paymaster may bill the user off-chain or in a token (see sponsorship mode).
The beneficiary is only where gas compensation was sent; it is not the user, and it is not proof of who runs the bundler.
UserOp success=true only means the account's call did not revert at the top level. Accounts and batch executors can catch inner failures, so individual legs can still have failed.
Names (token symbols, labels) are metadata unless their evidence level says otherwise.
The outer fee is what the bundler paid the network for the whole transaction; it cannot be split fairly across ops or legs, and comparing it with the per-op charges does not give bundler profit.

Rendered from the explain record (schema epi.explain/v1). Address labels and levels come from the current registry. How evidence grades and levels work →