v06-empty-call-monitoring · EntryPoint Intelligence

Bundler 0x4337…8d0e Unattributed bundler #6 (EOA) evidence level: hint submitted one v0.6 UserOperation: account 0x3455…1119 Scheduled zero-call account A (v0.6) evidence level: cluster asked to an empty, zero-value call to the zero address (does nothing visible); the op succeeded; gas sponsored by 0x6666…c68b Pimlico singleton paymaster (EntryPoint v0.6) evidence level: primary source.

Transaction: 0x205b550f8cf4462ca048872d6b5df61b1e841d5b2f050657e11f7affd6339049 explained →
Block: 97,835,560
Outer status: success grade: observed
UserOperations: 1 in 1 handleOps call
Selector: 0x1fad948c

How to read the evidence markers

Evidence levels (how strong an address label is)

evidence level: primary source The vendor or protocol itself publishes this exact address
evidence level: self-description What the contract says about itself via a getter; contracts can claim any name
evidence level: cluster Shares a key, getter or bytecode with labelled addresses: same machinery, not proof of the same operator
evidence level: hint Ranking, explorer tag, metadata or third-party label: a clue, never proof
evidence level: unlabelled No registry label. In running text, an address without a marker has no label.

Evidence grades (how a value was obtained), strongest first

grade: observed grade: decoded grade: recomputed grade: recovered grade: contract read grade: inferred grade: unknown

Weaker grades are set in italics. Hover or focus a marker for its definition; full definitions.

Who was involved

Bundler: 0x4337…8d0e Unattributed bundler #6 (EOA) evidence level: hint
sent and paid for the outer transaction · grade: observed
Called contract: 0x5ff1…2789 EntryPoint v0.6 evidence level: primary source
grade: observed
EntryPoint: 0x5ff1…2789 EntryPoint v0.6 evidence level: primary source
v0.6 handleOps · grade: decoded
Beneficiary: 0x4337…8d0e Unattributed bundler #6 (EOA) evidence level: hint
the beneficiary argument of handleOps · same address as the bundler · grade: decoded

Operations: what was asked, what happened

Operation 1

v0.6 succeeded index 0

Account 0x3455…1119 Scheduled zero-call account A (v0.6) evidence level: cluster asked to an empty, zero-value call to the zero address (does nothing visible); the op succeeded; gas sponsored by 0x6666…c68b Pimlico singleton paymaster (EntryPoint v0.6) evidence level: primary source.

Who was involved

Smart account: 0x3455…1119 Scheduled zero-call account A (v0.6) evidence level: cluster
the sender field of UserOperationEvent · grade: observed
Account code: 0x8abb…136c SimpleAccountFactory v0.6 (eth-infinitism reference) account implementation (per accountImplementation()) evidence level: cluster
contract code and storage read at block 97835560 · EIP-1967 proxy · grade: contract read
Paymaster: 0x6666…c68b Pimlico singleton paymaster (EntryPoint v0.6) evidence level: primary source
the operation's paymasterAndData field · grade: decoded
Signer key: 0x8fd3…7a03 Signer key of scheduled workload cluster A evidence level: cluster
signature scheme personal_sign(userOpHash), an EOA (secp256k1) key; matches the on-chain owner getter owner()=0x8fd379246834eac74b8419ffda202cf8051f7a03 evidence level: cluster at block 97835560. A key, not a person. · grade: contract read

What was asked

Entry function on the account: execute(address,uint256,bytes) grade: decoded

Call 1 an empty, zero-value call to the zero address (does nothing visible)
target 0x0000…0000 evidence level: unlabelled · function grade: unknown · via the account's execute function

What happened

The outer transaction reported success grade: observed; this UserOperation succeeded grade: observed.

Call 1 not visible in the receipt grade: unknowncalls without calldata emit no logs; the receipt cannot show whether it ran

Money for this operation

The EntryPoint charged this operation 0.000850 AVAX (actualGasCost) grade: observed, taken from paymaster deposit 0x6666666666667849c56f2850848ce1c4da65c68b Pimlico singleton paymaster (EntryPoint v0.6) evidence level: primary source grade: inferred and paid to the beneficiary grade: inferred.

Sponsorship: verifying paymaster: the paymaster pays and no token is charged grade: observed

Money

Outer receipt fee (bundler → chain)

0.001269 AVAX

gas used × effective gas price, paid once

Σ actualGasCost (deposits → beneficiary)

0.000850 AVAX

1 operation charge

The outer fee (what the bundler paid the network) and the per-op charges (what the EntryPoint collected from deposits and paid to the beneficiary) are different quantities. They are listed, never added together; their difference is not 'bundler profit'.

The logs

Receipt logs (3), in order, with the lifecycle phase each belongs to
#	Emitter	Event	Phase
0	`0x6666…c68b` Pimlico singleton paymaster (EntryPoint v0.6) evidence level: primary source	`UserOperationSponsored`	validation
1	`0x5ff1…2789` EntryPoint v0.6 evidence level: primary source	`BeforeExecution`	boundary
2	`0x5ff1…2789` EntryPoint v0.6 evidence level: primary source	`UserOperationEvent`	execution

What we can't tell

The signer is a key (address) recovered from the signature. It does not tell you which person, company or bot controls that key.
A paymaster paid the gas charge, but that does not mean the user paid nothing: the paymaster may bill the user off-chain or in a token (see sponsorship mode).
The beneficiary is only where gas compensation was sent; it is not the user, and it is not proof of who runs the bundler.
UserOp success=true only means the account's call did not revert at the top level. Accounts and batch executors can catch inner failures, so individual legs can still have failed.
Some requested calls leave no log, so the receipt alone cannot show whether they ran or what they changed (a trace, --trace, can show whether they were reached).
Names (token symbols, labels) are metadata unless their evidence level says otherwise.
The outer fee is what the bundler paid the network for the whole transaction; it cannot be split fairly across ops or legs, and comparing it with the per-op charges does not give bundler profit.

Rendered from the explain record (schema epi.explain/v1). Address labels and levels come from the current registry. How evidence grades and levels work →